Pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea: A review of  anatomical, cytoskeletal, muscular, and neurological abnormalities

Siti Nuraidatul Amira Anas; Masaany Mansor; Norazila  Abdul Rahim; Intan Kartika Kamarudin; Vanitha Palanisamy; Mariam Mohamad; Effat Omar

doi:10.24191/jchs.v10i1.5422

Pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea: A review of anatomical, cytoskeletal, muscular, and neurological abnormalities

Authors

Siti Nuraidatul Amira Anas
Masaany Mansor
Norazila Abdul Rahim
Intan Kartika Kamarudin
Vanitha Palanisamy
Mariam Mohamad
Effat Omar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v10i1.5422

Keywords:

Obstructive sleep apnea, cytoskeletal protein, neuronal injury, S100, GAP-43

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with abnormality of the upper airway, which affects about 1 billion people globally, leading to significant morbidity and mortality causing a burden on the healthcare system. The collapse of the upper airway during sleep has been the main pathogenesis of OSA. A thorough understanding of the upper airway's anatomy, muscular, cytoskeletal, and neurological properties is crucial to developing the most updated and latest treatment strategies for this condition.