‘MUSIC TO MOVE’ – EFFECTS OF LISTENING TO PREFERENTIAL MUSIC ON AEROBIC ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE AND RATE PERCEIVED OF EXERTION RESPONSES
Keywords:
Music, Aerobic, Endurance performance, RPE, RunningAbstract
Music has been shown to reduce the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), increase motivation and enhance exercise performance. However, the effects of exercise performance and RPE with recommended tempo songs are less conclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred music on aerobic endurance performance and rate perceived of exertion responses. Thirty physically active males (mean ± SD: 18.27 ± 0.45 years, body mass 21.45 ± 1.40 kg·m-2) were recruited for this study. In the experimental study design, participants completed two trials separated by a minimum of 72 hours. In music condition, participants listened to their own preferred music (selection song tempo range was between 121 - 131 bpm). Participants were required to complete a 2.4 km maximal effort run with RPE measured throughout the test. Time to complete 2.4 km aerobic endurance performance and RPE score were significantly lower (PRE: in music condition (11.30 min ± 1.67; 4.83 ± 1.15) compared with in no music condition (11.58 min ± 1.59; 5.43 ± 0.73). In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that listening to music preference has a significant effect on running performance during 2.4 km aerobic endurance performance. The results from this study could hold important implications for the application of music and enduring aerobic endurance exercise.
References
Arbinaga, F., Romero-Pérez, N., Torres-Rosado, L., Fernández-Ozcorta, E. J., & Mendoza-Sierra, M. I. (2020). Influence of music on closed motor skills: A controlled study with novice female dart-throwers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4146.
Archana, R., & Mukilan, R. (2016). Beneficial effect of preferential music on exercise induced changes in heart rate variability. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 10(5), CC09.
Ballmann, C. G. (2021). The Influence of Music Preference on Exercise Responses and Performance: A Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(2), 33.
Ballmann, C. G., Maynard, D. J., Lafoon, Z. N., Marshall, M. R., Williams, T. D., & Rogers, R. R. (2019). Effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred music on repeated wingate anaerobic test performance. Sports, 7(8), 185.
Ballmann, C. G., Cook, G. D., Hester, Z. T., Kopec, T. J., Williams, T. D., & Rogers, R. R. (2021). Effects of preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on resistance exercise performance. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1), 3.
Belkhir, Y., Rekik, G., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2019). Listening to neutral or self-selected motivational music during warm-up to improve short-term maximal performance in soccer players: Effect of time of day. Physiology & Behavior, 204, 168-173.
Bird, J. M., Hall, J., Arnold, R., Karageorghis, C. I., & Hussein, A. (2016). Effects of music and music-video on core affect during exercise at the lactate threshold. Psychology of Music, 44(6), 1471-1487.
Clark, J. C., Baghurst, T., & Redus, B. S. (2021). Self-selected motivational music on the performance and perceived exertion of runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(6), 1656-1661.
Centala, J., Pogorel, C., Pummill, S. W., & Malek, M. H. (2020). Listening to fast-tempo music delays the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(3), 617-622.
Chtourou, H., Jarraya, M., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., & Souissi, N. (2012). The effects of music during warm-up on anaerobic performances of young sprinters. Science & Sports, 27(6), e85-e88.
Connon, H. A., & Scott, D. (2011). The effect of differing types of music and music preference as a dissociative strategy on exercise performance and perceived exertion. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (SCAPPS refereed abstracts repository), 43(1), 58-58.
Feiss, R., Kostrna, J., Scruggs, J. W., Pangelinan, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (2020). Effects of music tempo on perceived exertion, attention, affect, heart rate, and performance during isometric strength exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-9.
Hutchinson, J. C., Jones, L., Vitti, S. N., Moore, A., Dalton, P. C., & O'Neil, B. J. (2018). The influence of self-selected music on affect-regulated exercise intensity and remembered pleasure during treadmill running. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 7(1), 80.
Karageorghis, C. I., Jones, L., Howard, L. W., Thomas, R. M., Moulashis, P., & Santich, S. J. (2021). When It HIITs, You Feel No Pain: Psychological and Psychophysiological Effects of Respite–Active Music in High-Intensity Interval Training. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 43(1), 41-52.
Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D. L., Sasso, T. A., Morrish, D. J., & Walley, C. L. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 18-36.
Karageorghis, C. I., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (1999). Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 713-724.
Karow, M. C., Rogers, R. R., Pederson, J. A., Williams, T. D., Marshall, M. R., & Ballmann, C. G. (2020). Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Warm-Up Music on Exercise Performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 127(5), 912–924.
Köse, B. (2018). Does Motivational Music Influence Maximal Bench Press Strength and Strength Endurance?.Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4(3), 197-200.
Kuan, G., Morris, T., Kueh, Y. C., & Terry, P. C. (2018). Effects of relaxing and arousing music during imagery training on dart-throwing performance, physiological arousal indices, and competitive state anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 14.
Maddigan, M. E., Sullivan, K. M., Halperin, I., Basset, F. A., & Behm, D. G. (2019). High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise. PeerJ, 6, e6164.
Nakamura, P. M., Pereira, G., Papini, C. B., Nakamura, F. Y., & Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of preferred and nonpreferred music on continuous cycling exercise performance. Perceptual and motor skills, 110(1), 257-264.
Silva, N. R. D. S., Rizardi, F. G., Fujita, R. A., Villalba, M. M., & Gomes, M. M. (2021). Preferred music genre benefits during strength tests: Increased maximal strength and strength-endurance and reduced perceived exertion. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(1), 324-337.
Stork, M. J., Kwan, M. Y., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(5), 1052-1060.
Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., & Parsons-Smith, R. L. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91.
Van Dyck, E., & Leman, M. (2016). Ergogenic effect of music during running performance. Annals of Sports Medicine and Research, 3(6).
Waterhouse, J., Hudson, P., & Edwards, B. (2010). Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(4), 662-669.
Yamashita, S., Iwai, K., Akimoto, T., Sugawara, J., & Kono, I. (2006). Effects of music during exercise on RPE, heart rate and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(3), 425.




