Designing Flood-Resilient Relief Centres: A Comparative Evaluation of Temporary and Permanent Centre Typologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/ijad.v10i2/kv7qzq26Keywords:
Flood Disasters, Flood-Resilient Relief Centres, Temporary Relief Centres, Permanent Relief Centres, Qualitative Content Analysis, Resilience FrameworkAbstract
In Malaysia, frequent floods pose the greatest hazards, driven by its tropical climate, monsoonal rainfall, rapid urbanization, and development in flood-prone areas. Flood-related losses in Malaysia increased from RM755.4 million in 2023 to RM933.4 million in 2024, with residential properties recording the highest losses at RM372.2 million in 2024 based on the Department of Statistics Malaysia (2025) report. Although temporary and permanent relief centres differ in their physical form, permanence, resources and operational conditions, both must fulfil fundamental resilience requirements during flood disasters. This study adopts a qualitative content analysis of secondary sources to identify and compare resilience-related requirements for temporary and permanent relief centres. These common attributes provide a basis for developing design implications that are not dependent on a particular relief-centre typology. The study therefore synthesises the findings into a typology-independent resilience framework that integrates common resilience requirements while recognising the specific constraints and opportunities associated with temporary and permanent relief centres. The outcome of this paper is that temporary relief centres are generally constrained by the capacity, layout, accessibility, and existing facilities of buildings that are adapted for emergency use, whereas permanent relief centres provide greater opportunities for these requirements to be incorporated through purpose-oriented planning and design. It also highlights about requiring further empirical investigation, particularly the validation of the identified attributes through actual temporary and permanent relief-centre cases. The proposed framework can subsequently support the development of more comprehensive design criteria and inform the future development of a flood-resilient relief-centre model for Malaysia.
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