Strengthening Halal Assurance Beyond Certification: A Longitudinal Evidence from a Malaysian Frozen Food Manufacturer

Abstract

As the global halal food market size is growing very fast, stricter regulatory governance of the halal food supply chain, particularly in a multi-level production world, becomes increasingly important to address halal complexity. Nevertheless, getting halal certified is mandatory, but being “Halal compliant” and “continuously improved” also requires commitment from within the organization and a well-functioning internal control system after certification. This study selected a Malaysian frozen food manufacturer, hereinafter Malaysian Frozen Food Manufacturer (MFFM), as the subject of this study to evaluate the longevity of the system and the long-term implications of a system's continuous improvement on a Halal Assurance System (HAS). To address the research aim, the researcher utilized a qualitative case study approach, whereby semi-structured interview methods of inquiry were directed at three individuals whom the researcher felt to be key informants: individuals managing Halal, operations, as well as purchasing. In conjunction with the data collected through semi-structured interviews, the interview data obtained by the researcher were triangulated with three internal halal audit reports dated 2024 to 2025 to see whether there was any tremendous improvement in compliance performance for MFFM for the specified period. The study concluded that at MFFM, implementation of HAS has transformed from compliance documentation to an integrated internal control mechanism consisting of supplier management, human resource competency development, internal audit, electronic documentation, and CAPA. A comparison of the internal audit results indicated notable qualitative reduction and marked operational improvement in halal conformance performance due to decreases in minor NCRs. Major contributors included enhancements to the supplier validation system, improved staff training, improved monitoring of the digital document management system, and commitment from the MFFM Internal Halal committee.  However, issues with supplier certifications and unpredictability with raw materials suppliers, along with varying levels of staff competence, remain. The current study provided additional knowledge on halal, with evidence that Halal integrity is a process of continuous improvement consisting of organizational involvement, digital technology application, and consistent follow-up actions rather than merely certifications. Findings to provide real-world applications to halal certification bodies and manufacturers, halal auditors, and policymakers to implement a robust, sustainable Halal Governance framework.