DETECTION OF LEAD, MERCURY AND ARSENIC IN THREE NATURAL SPRING WATER IN NEGERI SEMBILAN

Authors

  • Mohamad Shahrimi Hashim School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, N. Sembilan
  • Faikah Awang @ Ismail School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, N. Sembilan

Keywords:

Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Natural Spring Water, Negeri Sembilan

Abstract

This study focus on detection of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in three selected natural
spring water (NSW) in Negeri Sembilan. Three selected NSW are from Bukit Miku, Kaki Gunung
Angsi and Bukit Tangga which located at difference district around Negeri Sembilan. The sampling
was done in August 2016 using High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which are labelled
correctly. All sample was analysis using spectrometer while following APHA-3125 method. The
statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The concentration of Pb in
NSW collected from Kaki Gunung Angsi has recorded the highest significant amount (0.27367 ±
0.025325 µg/L). On the other hand, NSW taken from Bukit Tangga (0.02533 ± 0.010786 µg/L) and
Bukit Miku (0.02500 ± 0.004583 µg/L) showed no significant difference (p < 0.05). For Hg, only
one NSW which was obtained from Bukit Miku (0.16167 ± 0.011015 µg/L) produced a recordable
result. Meanwhile, NSW from Bukit Tangga and Kaki Gunung Angsi did not showed any detectable
Hg element in their samples. As content in NSW taken from Bukit Miku, Bukit Tangga and Kaki
Gunung Angsi is 0.58700 ± 0.023000 µg/L, 0.20500 ± 0.061612 µg/L and 0.08300 ± 0.003464µg/L
respectively. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in As content between NSW that was obtained
from all three locations.

References

Apostoli, P., Bellini, A., Porru, S., & Bisanti, L. (2000). The effect of lead on male fertility: a time to

pregnancy (TTP) study. American journal of industrial medicine, 38(3), 310-315.

Black, A., Sherlock, R., Cameron, K., Smith, N., & Goh, K. (1985). Comparison of three field methods

for measuring ammonia volatilization from urea granules broadcast on to pasture. Journal of

soil science, 36(2), 271-280.

Bryan, K. (1919). Classification of springs. The Journal of Geology, 27(7), 522-561.

Cartier, C., Arnold, R. B., Triantafyllidou, S., Prévost, M., & Edwards, M. (2012). Effect of flow rate

and lead/copper pipe sequence on lead release from service lines. Water research, 46(13), 4142

Choi, A. L., Weihe, P., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., Jørgensen, P. J., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T.-P., . . .

Askham, J. (2008). Methylmercury exposure and adverse cardiovascular effects in Faroese

whaling men.

Fiket, Ž., Roje, V., Mikac, N., & Kniewald, G. (2007). Determination of arsenic and other trace elements

in bottled waters by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Croatica

chemica acta, 80(1), 91-100.

Hu, J., Ma, Y., Zhang, L., Gan, F., & Ho, Y.-S. (2010). A historical review and bibliometric analysis of

research on lead in drinking water field from 1991 to 2007. Science of the Total Environment,

(7), 1738-1744.

John, R., Ahmad, P., Gadgil, K., & Sharma, S. (2008). Effect of cadmium and lead on growth,

biochemical parameters and uptake in Lemna polyrrhiza L. Plant Soil and Environment, 54(6),

Kadirvelu, K., Kavipriya, M., Karthika, C., Radhika, M., Vennilamani, N., & Pattabhi, S. (2003).

Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for

the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Bioresource technology, 87(1), 129

Khan, M. I. R., Nazir, F., Asgher, M., Per, T. S., & Khan, N. A. (2015). Selenium and sulfur influence

ethylene formation and alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress by improving proline and

glutathione production in wheat. Journal of plant physiology, 173, 9-18.

Kim, Y., Yoon, H., Yoon, C., & Woo, N. (2009). Arsenic species in ecosystems affected by arsenic-rich

spring water near an abandoned mine in Korea. Environmental pollution, 157(12), 3495-3501.

Leavey, S. (2011). Heavy metals in bottled natural spring water. Journal of environmental health, 73(10),

Martin, S., & Griswold, W. (2009). Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Science and

Technology briefs for citizens, 15, 1-6.

Meili, M., Iverfeldt, A., & Håkanson, L. (1991). Mercury in the surface water of Swedish forest lakes—

concentrations, speciation and controlling factors. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 56(1), 439-453.

Momodu, M., & Anyakora, C. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of groundwater: the Surulere case

study. Res J Environ Earth Sci, 2(1), 39-43.

Muhammad, S., Shah, M. T., & Khan, S. (2010). Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and

source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern

Pakistan. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(10), 2855-2864.

Pirrone, N., Cinnirella, S., Feng, X., Finkelman, R., Friedli, H., Leaner, J., . . . Streets, D. (2010). Global

mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources. Atmospheric

Chemistry and Physics, 10(13), 5951-5964.

Prasad, B., & Bose, J. (2001). Evaluation of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water

near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas. Environmental Geology, 41(1-2), 183

Rice, D., & Barone Jr, S. (2000). Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system:

evidence from humans and animal models. Environmental health perspectives, 108(Suppl 3),

Ragno G., De Luca, M. and Ioele, G. (2007). An application of cluster analysis and multivariate

classification methods to spring water monitoring data. Microchemical Journal 87, 119–127.

Rizvi, S. J., Zahir, F., & Jairajpuri, D. (2005). Mercury: the lurking danger. Anil Aggrawal’s Internet J

Forensic Med Toxicol, 6.

Segade, S. R., & Tyson, J. F. (2007). Determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in water

samples by slurry sampling cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry in a flow injection

system after preconcentration on silica C 18 modified. Talanta, 71(4), 1696-1702.

Sullivan, M., & Leavey, S. (2011). Heavy metals in natural bottled spring water. Journal of

environmental health, 73(10), 8-13.

Tamasi, G., & Cini, R. (2004). Heavy metals in drinking waters from Mount Amiata (Tuscany, Italy).

Possible risks from arsenic for public health in the Province of Siena. Science of the Total

Environment, 327(1), 41-51.

Tchounwou, P. B., Ayensu, W. K., Ninashvili, N., & Sutton, D. (2003). Review: Environmental exposure

to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications for public health. Environmental Toxicology,

(3), 149-175.

Tsai, S.-Y., Chou, H.-Y., The, H.-W., Chen, C.-M., & Chen, C.-J. (2003). The effects of chronic arsenic

exposure from drinking water on the neurobehavioral development in adolescence.

Neurotoxicology, 24(4), 747-753.

WEPA. (2000). National Guidelines for Raw Drinking Water Quality.

WHO. (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: World Health Organization.

Zahir, F., Rizwi, S. J., Haq, S. K., & Khan, R. H. (2005). Low dose mercury toxicity and human health.

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 20(2), 351-360.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-31

Similar Articles

1-10 of 158

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)