Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Lip Balm: Exploring the Synergistic Benefits of Beetroot and Kaempferia galanga Linn
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v8i2.3901Keywords:
Natural lip balm, Beetroot, Kaempferia galanga Linn, Herbal formulation, Natural cosmeticsAbstract
Growing consumer concern over synthetic additives has intensified interest in plant-based lip care. This study formulated and evaluated a dual-extract lip balm using beetroo (Beta vulgaris) pigment and Kaempferia galanga Linn (KGL) essential oil as natural colourant and bioactive agents. Twenty-two formulations were prepared from coconut oil, beeswax, and candelilla wax, with varying beetroot:KGL ratios (0.5–2.5 g). Each formulation was assessed for pH (n=3), melting point, greasiness index, surface homogeneity, and accelerated colour stability (30 days at 40 °C/75 % RH and 4 °C). Among all tested formulations, F7 exhibited the most favourable balance of non-greasy texture, stable pH, and good melting point, supporting its potential as a safe and natural cosmetic alternative.
References
Alias, A. H. D., Abdul Razak, N. Q., Md Yusoff, M. H., Chin, K. H., Kamal, M. L., Uyup, N. H., Abdullah, S., Ridzuan, N. S., Saaid, M., & Shafie, M. H. (2023). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) leaves and its application in skincare products: A review. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 54, Article 102930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102930
Anisa, H., Sukmawardani, Y., & Windayani, N. (2019). A simple formulation of lip balm using carrot extract as a natural coloring agent. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(5), Article 055070. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055070
Athirah, A., Yusof, B., Ajit, A. B., Sulaiman, A. Z., & Naila, A. (2018). Production of Lip Balm From Stingless Bee Honey. The Maldives National Journal of Research, 6(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.62338/nk4keh87
Azmin, S. N. H. M., Jaine, N. I. M., & Nor, M. S. M. (2020a). Physicochemical and sensory evaluations of moisturising lip balm using natural pigment from Beta vulgaris. Cogent Engineering, 7(1). Article 1788297. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1788297
Chandran, J., Nisha, P., Singhal, R. S., & Pandit, A. B. (2014). Degradation of colour in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.): A kinetics study. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(10), 2678–2684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0741-9
Chittasupho, C., Ditsri, S., Singh, S., Kanlayavattanakul, M., Duangnin, N., Ruksiriwanich, W., & Athikomkulchai, S. (2022). Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation. Gels, 8(10), Article 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8100639
Esatbeyoglu, T., Wagner, A. E., Schini-Kerth, V. B., & Rimbach, G. (2015). Betanin—A food colorant with biological activity. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/MNFR.201400484
Gholap, C. D., Vitnor, S. J., & Pagire, D. M. (2023). Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Lip Balm. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences, 11(3), Article 230153.
Kamble, C. & Kamble, V. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick using Lycopene Extracted from Citrullus lanatus. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 12(3), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18205.03043
Kavitkar, R. S., Rao, K. J., Mishra, D., Deshmukh, G. P., Prajapati, R. & Jadhao, S. Y. (2017). Effect of Beetroot Extract on Colour and Sensory Quality of Flavoured Milk. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 5(5), 1177–1182. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2879
Kothari, R., Shukla, B., Gautam, D., Bagaria, M., & Sharma, A. (2018). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick from Natural Edible Coloring Matter. International Journal of Theoretical & Applied Sciences, 10(1), 17–20.
Kusrini, E., Mawarni, D. P., Wulandari, D. A., Ayuningtyas, K., & Usman, A. (2020). Formulation and characterization of lip balm made from beeswax, almond oil, virgin coconut oil and honey. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2255, Article 070008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0014367
Lambers, H., Piessens, S., Bloem, A., Pronk, H., & Finkel, P. (2006). Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28(5), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2494.2006.00344.X
Martini, F. H., Nath, L. J., & Bartholomew, F. E. (2011). Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology (12th ed.). Pearson. https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/fundamentals-of-anatomy-and-physiology
Nirmal, N. P., Mereddy, R., & Maqsood, S. (2021). Recent developments in emerging technologies for beetroot pigment extraction and its food applications. Food Chemistry, 356, Article 129611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129611
Nurhaslina, C. R., Mustapa, A. N., Azizi, C. Y., & Alwi, H. (2022). Comparison of different methods for the extraction of essential oil from the rhizome part of Kaempferia galanga linn. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1257(1), Article 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012004
Nurjanah, N., Abdullah, A., Fachrozan, R., & Hidayat, T. (2018). Characteristics of seaweed porridge Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma cottonii as raw materials for lip balm. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 196(1), Article 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/196/1/012018
Rahman, M. M. A. M. N. A. T. (2004). Efficient plant regeneration through somatic Embryogenesis KGL. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(3), 675–678. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.675.678
Sadowska-Bartosz, I., & Bartosz, G. (2021). Biological properties and applications of betalains. Molecules, 26(9), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092520
Srivastava, N., Ranjana, Singh, S., Gupta, A. C., Shanker, K., Bawankule, D. U., & Luqman, S. (2019). Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) extracts with ameliorative and protective potential as a functional food, beyond its flavor and nutritional benefits. Toxicology Reports, 6, 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.014
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhaslina Che Radzi, Afiqah Dayana Ahmad Kamarul

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



