Optimization of Hyaluronic Acid Extraction from Eggshell Membrane using Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzyme Hydrolysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/srj.v23i1.43505Keywords:
Eggshell membrane, Hyaluronic acid, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activityAbstract
Eggshell membrane (ESM) from eggshell waste is a valuable source of hyaluronic acid (HA), a biomaterial that is in high demand in the medical and cosmetic fields. However, the extraction of HA from ESM using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis has not yet been optimized. The study aimed to optimize the extraction of HA from ESM by using papain through the proposed method. The optimization process was conducted using the Box-Behnken design within the framework of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of HA were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and lipoxygenase inhibitor screening assays, respectively. The optimum processing conditions that contributed to the high content of HA (5.062%) were achieved at a hydrolysis time of 3.1 hours, an enzyme concentration of 9.7%, a pH of 7.5 and an ultrasonic treatment time of 2.1 minutes. The analysis of variance showed that the enzyme concentration was an important factor in the extraction of HA from ESM. In addition, the HA extract showed acceptable result of anti-inflammatory properties (9.4104%) suggesting its importance in attenuating inflammatory responses. These results indicated that ESM is a promising and sustainable source for HA production with desirable bioactivities. Future research should explore the mechanistic actions of HA thereby enriching our understanding of its therapeutic potential and expanding its commercial applications.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nor Azlina Abd Rashid, Muhammad Zulhelmi Nazri, Rui-Fang Wong, Kian-Kai Cheng, Nor Zalina Othman, Hong-Yeng Leong
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