Wanita, Wang, & Kejayaan: Menilai Peranan Mikrokredit & Literasi Kewangan dalam Prestasi Perniagaan Mikro
(Women, Money, & Success: Assessing the Role of Microcredit & Financial Literacy in Microbusiness Performance)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/esqfmn53Keywords:
Kredit Mikro, Literasi Kewangan, Perniagaan Mikro, Usahawan WanitaAbstract
Mikrokredit merujuk kepada kemudahan pembiayaan kewangan berskala kecil yang biasanya ditawarkan kepada individu atau perusahaan kecil yang tidak mempunyai akses kepada pembiayaan konvensional yang disediakan oleh institusi kewangan arus perdana. Tujuan utama mikrokredit ini adalah untuk membantu menggalakkan pembangunan ekonomi tempatan dengan menyediakan modal yang mudah diakses kepada kumpulan B40, usahawan mikro, dan perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS). Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh mikrokredit dalam mempengaruhi kejayaan usahawan mikrokredit di Lembah Klang. Kedua, untuk menilai kesan penyederhanaan literasi kewangan (iaitu, simpanan, hutang, pelaburan, dan literasi insurans). Sampel kajian dipilih menggunakan persampelan rawak berstrata, yang melibatkan 244 usahawan wanita mikro. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah soal selidik, dan data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Model Persamaan Struktur (SEM). Kajian mendapati bahawa bantuan mikrokredit mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan prestasi perniagaan mikro usahawan wanita. Kedua, dapatan menunjukkan bahawa simpanan dan literasi hutang menyederhanakan hubungan antara mikrokredit dan prestasi perniagaan dengan ketara. Sebaliknya, literasi pelaburan dan insurans tidak menyederhanakan hubungan yang dicadangkan. Kerajaan perlu terus memperkukuhkan skim mikrokredit supaya lebih ramai rakyat Malaysia dapat mengambil peluang untuk membina kehidupan yang lebih stabil dari segi kewangan melalui perniagaan mereka sendiri. Selain itu, pendedahan kepada literasi kewangan adalah penting untuk membolehkan golongan berpendapatan rendah meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga mereka. Antara inisiatif yang perlu ditekankan ialah program latihan dan panduan pengurusan kewangan yang disediakan secara percuma atau bersubsidi.
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