KHALQAN ĀKHAR: MEMAHAMI TAFSIR SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS TENTANG SURAH AL-MU’MINUN (23): 12-14
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/509jrc14Keywords:
khalqan ākhar, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, semantic analysis, hylomorphism, biological nomenclatureAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji usul insan sebagai khalqan ākhar oleh Profesor Diraja Terpuji Dr. Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dalam tafsir beliau On Justice and the Nature of Man: A Commentary on Surah al-Nisa (4): 58 and Surah al-Mu’minun (23): 12-14, bahagian dua, muka surat 31-57. Usul ini diperkenalkan semula pada 2015 dan belum disorot selayaknya dalam kajian kemanusiaan dan pengajian Islam kontemporari. Tafsir-tafsir sebelum ini seperti al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr ada membahaskan peringkat penciptaan manusia dalam kumpulan ayat yang sama dan menyerlahkan kesannya yang besar terhadap kajian saintifik dalam pembiakan manusia, teologi dan falsafah. Walau bagaimanapun, belum ada tafsir sama ada tradisi atau kontemporari yang mengulas insan sebagai “ciptaan lain” secara mendalam, sekaligus memperbetulkan sudut pandang Barat berkenaan manusia. Al-Attas menjelaskan maksud khalqan ākhar, yang seterusnya memberi kesan kepada pengelasan manusia dalam nomenklatur biologi dan antropologi. Ia meletakkan insan dalam kategori lebih atas daripada makhluk yang lain dan mengeluarkan terus insan daripada kategori homo, iaitu kategori binatang dalam pengkelasan ilmu antropologi moden. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah analisa semantik untuk memahami faham dan peristilahan dasar Islam; perbahasan deduktif untuk menentukan logik penyataan; dan analisa perbandingan untuk memahami perbahasan dalam konteks.
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