Copyright and License

Copyright

Authors publishing in the Advances in Business Research International Journal (ABRIJ) retain full copyright of their work. By submitting and publishing with ABRIJ, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to:

• Publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in print and electronic formats.
• Make the article publicly accessible via the ABRIJ website and indexing platforms.
• Preserve the work in long-term digital repositories.
• Reuse the article for academic, promotional, or non-commercial purposes, with proper citation.

Author Rights:

• Authors may share their published work on personal websites, institutional repositories, or academic platforms, provided proper attribution is given to ABRIJ.
• ABRIJ does not claim ownership of submitted content and supports academic freedom for authors to reuse their work in accordance with ethical publishing norms.

License Terms

All articles published in ABRIJ are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits users to:

• Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material

Under the following conditions:

• Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Full license details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

Third-Party Materials

• Authors are responsible for obtaining permissions for all third-party content included in their submission.
• All submissions must be original, unpublished, and not under review elsewhere.
• ABRIJ reserves the right to retract articles in cases of misconduct or ethical violations.