Guide for Authors

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Template of a Manuscript (MS Word format)

Submission
All submissions should be made online at the Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship site  https://journal.uitm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JIBE/about/submissions  or by using "Make a Submission" button.
New author will need to create an account and once logged in may make a submission or check the status of the manuscript.

Article types
The journal welcomes all original submissions of articles and reviews that comply with the aim and scope of the journal.
All submissions must be original papers, and not be under consideration by a journal elsewhere.
If the paper contains anything that has already been published (e.g. figures) then this must be declared and authors are responsible for obtaining relevant permissions to republish. Evidence of permission granted must be available if requested.

General guidelines
Only English language articles are accepted. Authors are responsible for the language quality in their article, and is strongly recommended to have your manuscript checked by an English language specialist before submission, in order to ensure that the language is acceptable.
For all manuscripts, non-discriminatory language is mandatory. Sexist or racist terms must not be used.
Authors should provide the following information:

• Full name
• Affiliation (where the author was positioned when the research was undertaken – if authors change affiliation before publishing this should be given as a footnote)
• Address
• Email address
• ORCiD, this is not mandatory, but highly recommended for the benefit of authors
• Clear identification of the corresponding author (who will be responsible for ensuring that the correct version is submitted and that all authors agree to publication and approve any corrections during peer review and after acceptance).

Specific Instructions

Title
The title of the manuscript should be clear and representative (reflecting the content of the whole manuscript, the employed method, or the raised issue under study).

Author identities
The author’s full name without academic degrees and titles. Name of affiliation for each author accompanied by complete affiliation address, and corresponding email address.

Abstract
An abstract of maximum 300 words is required for any submitted manuscript. It is written narratively containing at least the aim(s), method, the theory used, and the result(s) of the research. It should be self-contained and must be citation-free. It should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

Keywords
Each manuscript should have 3 to 6 keywords. The keywords should help audience search the relevant literature to their interest.

Introduction
The introduction should perform the relationship among the research background, rationale, justification of the research urgency, the emergence of research problems, alternative solutions, the solutions which are chosen, and the research aims. The background and rationale should be stated according to the theories, evidence, pre-survey and/or relevant research. It may also contain the narrative operational definition of the main constructs, variable, or terminologies used. Besides, the aim of the research/study should be written clearly.

Literature Review
It presents the theory applied and the related literature on the previous researches on the topic. Related work of previous researchers should be presented. Minimum 10-15 good and recent works [not older than 10 years] *, should be presented. This section can be merged with the introduction section as well. Here the author can discuss the research gap that this study is going or willing to cover followed by the hypothesis. [if relevant to their study] Provide in-text citation in APA 7th edition guidelines style. [Easy and Free APA Citation Generator]. A wonderful guide to literature review is available by University of South California at https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview

Research Method
The method comprises of the design of the research, population, and sample, sampling techniques, procedures, instruments, data collection tools, and data analysis techniques. All of these components need to be detailed in a report format (past tense), except for general explanations and reference. Writing the definition of certain general terms related to the method used is not necessary.

Findings and Discussion
The findings and discussion are presented in one part. Findings are the presentation of the research purely based on the analyzed data while discussion is the explanation of the findings relevant to the literature discussed in the introduction and other relevant theories and ideas. The author(s) is/are required to provide the findings and discussion on the same sequence with the research aims, and, should also provide the summary of the discussion aimed at answering the grand question of the research at the end of the discussion part.

Conclusion (and implications, recommendations, or suggestions, if any)
The conclusion should answer the objectives of the research. Tells how your work advances the field from the present state of knowledge. Without clear Conclusions, reviewers and readers will find it difficult to judge the work and whether it merits publication in the journal. Do not repeat the Abstract or list experimental results. Provide a clear scientific justification for your work, and indicate possible applications and extensions. It would help if you also suggested future experiments and/or point out those that are underway

Acknowledgements
The following is an example of an acknowledgement statement:
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah and Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia for providing the facilities and financial support on this research.

The funding or grant-awarding bodies is acknowledged in a separate paragraph. For single agency grant: "This work was supported by the [Name of Funding Agency] under Grant [number xxxx]

Conflict of interest
The following is an example of a conflict-of-interest statement:
The authors agree that this research was conducted in the absence of any self-benefits, commercial or financial conflicts and declare the absence of conflicting interests with the funders.

References
All references referred to in the article text must be listed in the reference section. The references shall contain at least 15 (fifteen) references from primary sources (scientific journals, conference proceedings, research reference books) or 80 % of total references, which are published within 5 (five) years. The citation format and the references must follow the APA 7.0 style.
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa).
Authors are also required to cite at least 2 (two) articles that were published in the Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship (JIBE).