Guide for Authors

Submission
All submissions should be made online at the Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship site https://journal.uitm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JIBE/about/submissions or by using the "Make a Submission" button.
A new author will need to create an account and, once logged in, may make a submission or check the status of the manuscript.

Article types
The journal welcomes original research articles that align with its aims and scope. All submissions must be original works and should not be under review or consideration by any other journal.

If a manuscript includes previously published material, such as figures or tables, this must be clearly declared. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reuse such material and evidence of permission must be provided upon request.

General guidelines
Only English-language articles are accepted. Authors are responsible for the language quality in their article, and it is strongly recommended to have your manuscript checked by an English language specialist before submission to ensure that the language is acceptable.
For all manuscripts, non-discriminatory language is mandatory. Sexist or racist terms must not be used.
Authors should provide the following information:

  • Full name
  • Affiliation (where the author was positioned when the research was undertaken; if authors change affiliation before publishing, this should be given as a footnote)
  • Address
  • Email address
  • ORCiD: This is not mandatory, but highly recommended for the benefit of authors
  • Clear identification of the corresponding author (who will be responsible for ensuring that the correct version is submitted and that all authors agree to publication and approve any corrections during peer review and after acceptance).

Specific Instructions

Title
The title of the manuscript should be clear and representative (reflecting the content of the whole manuscript, the employed method, or the raised issue under study).

Author identities
The author’s full name is without academic degrees and titles. Name of affiliation for each author, accompanied by complete affiliation address and corresponding email address.

Abstract
An abstract of a maximum of 300 words is required for any submitted manuscript. It is written narratively, containing at least the aim(s), method, the theory used, and the result(s) of the research. It should be self-contained and must be citation-free. It should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

Keywords
Each manuscript should have 3 to 6 keywords. The keywords should help the audience search for the relevant literature for their interest.

Introduction
The introduction should establish the relationship among the research background, rationale, justification of the research urgency, the emergence of research problems, alternative solutions, the solutions that are chosen, and the research aims. The background and rationale should be stated according to the theories, evidence, pre-survey, and/or relevant research. It may also contain the narrative operational definition of the main constructs, variables, or terminologies used. Besides, the aim of the research/study should be written clearly.

Literature Review
It presents the theory applied and the related literature on the previous research on the topic. Related work of previous researchers should be presented. A minimum of 10-15 good and recent works [not older than 10 years]* should be presented. This section can be merged with the introduction section as well. Here, the author can discuss the research gap that this study is going to or is willing to cover, followed by the hypothesis. [if relevant to their study] Provide in-text citation in APA 7th edition guidelines style. [Easy and Free APA Citation Generator]. A wonderful guide to the literature review is available from the University of Southern California at https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview

Research Method
The method comprises the design of the research, population, and sample; sampling techniques; procedures; instruments; data collection tools; and data analysis techniques. All of these components need to be detailed in a report format (past tense), except for general explanations and references. Writing the definition of certain general terms related to the method used is not necessary.

Findings and Discussion
The findings and discussion are presented in one part. Findings are the presentation of the research purely based on the analyzed data, while discussion is the explanation of the findings relevant to the literature discussed in the introduction and other relevant theories and ideas. The author(s) is/are required to provide the findings and discussion in the same sequence as the research aims and should also provide a summary of the discussion aimed at answering the grand question of the research at the end of the discussion part.

Conclusion (and implications, recommendations, or suggestions, if any)
The conclusion should answer the objectives of the research. Tells how your work advances the field from the present state of knowledge. Without clear conclusions, reviewers and readers will find it difficult to judge the work and whether it merits publication in the journal. Do not repeat the abstract or list experimental results. Provide a clear scientific justification for your work, and indicate possible applications and extensions. It would help if you also suggested future experiments and/or pointed out those that are underway

Funding Declaration
Authors are required to include a Funding Declaration section in their manuscript, placed after the Conclusion. This section must state whether external financial support was received for the research, including any grants, institutional funding, or sponsorships.

  • If your research was funded, use:
    This research was funded by [Full Agency Name] under Grant No. [Grant Number].

  • If no funding was received, use:
    This research received no external funding.

Acknowledgments
Authors are required to include an acknowledgment section. The following is an example of an acknowledgment statement:
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, and the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, for providing the facilities and financial support for this research.

Conflict of interest
Authors are required to include a Conflict of Interest section. The following is an example of a conflict-of-interest statement:
The authors agree that this research was conducted in the absence of any self-benefits or commercial or financial conflicts and declare the absence of conflicting interests with the funders.

References
All references referred to in the article text must be listed in the reference section. The references shall contain at least 15 (fifteen) references from primary sources (scientific journals, conference proceedings, research reference books) or 80% of the total references, which are published within 5 (five) years. The citation format and the references must follow the APA 7.0 style.
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa).