Strategies for Improving Contextual Performance in Government Employees: Analyzing Effects of Servant Leadership, Person-Environment Fit, and Emotional Intelligence

Authors

  • Prastiwi Departement of Management, Faculty Economic and Management, 17 Agustus 1945 University of Surabaya
  • Amiartuti Kusmaningtyas Departement of Management, Faculty Economic and Management, 17 Agustus 1945 University of Surabaya
  • I Dewa Ketut Raka Ardiana Departement of Management, Faculty Economic and Management, 17 Agustus 1945 University of Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191//jibe.v9i1.903

Keywords:

Servant leadership, Person environment fit, Emotional intelligence, Contextual performance

Abstract

Contextual performance refers to employee contributions and primary duties. These include support, initiative, and active participation. This study discusses the effect of servant leadership and person-environment fit on improving employee contextual performance through emotional intelligence in government. 124 employees were research samples based on purposive sampling. This research uses Structural Equation equation model (SEM) with quantitative methods. The results stated that servant leadership is significant on emotional intelligence, person environment is significant on emotional intelligence, servant leadership is insignificant on contextual performance, person environment is significant on contextual performance, and emotional intelligence is significant on contextual performance. This indicates that emotional intelligence has an important role in improving employees' contextual performance, while servant leadership does not directly affect contextual performance. The implication of this research is the importance of developing emotional intelligence and person-environment fit in government organizations to improve employee performance.

References

(Brian) Joo, Baek Kyoo, Sohee Park, and Suhyung Lee. 2020. “Personal Growth Initiative: The Effects of Person–Organization Fit, Work Empowerment and Authentic Leadership.” International Journal of Manpower 42(3): 502–17. doi:10.1108/IJM-02-2020-0056.

Akanni, Abimbola A., Dauda B. Kareem, and Choja A. Oduaran. 2020. “The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Employee Wellbeing through Percieved Person-Job Fit among University Academic Staff: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.” Cogent Psychology 7(1). doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1869376.

Al-Fawaeer, Moayyad, and Ayman Wael Alkhatib. 2020. “The Effect of Emotional Intelligence of Operational Team Leaders on the Performance of Team Members.” Research in World Economy 11(5): 266–78. doi:10.5430/rwe.v11n5p266.

Alshaabani, Ayman, Farheen Naz, Róbert Magda, and Ildikó Rudnák. 2021. “Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Ocb in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic in Hungary: Employee Engagement and Affective Commitment as Mediators.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13(14). doi:10.3390/su13147800.

Balti, Mariem, and Samia Karoui Zouaoui. 2024. “Employee and Manager’s Emotional Intelligence and Individual Adaptive Performance: The Role of Servant Leadership Climate.” Journal of Management Development 43(1): 13–34. doi:10.1108/JMD-04-2021-0117.

Bandura, Albert. 1978. “Self-Efficacy: Toward A Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.” Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy 1(4): 139–61. doi:10.1017/S0003055400259303.

Bhattarai, Ganesh, and Prem Bahadur Budhathoki. 2023. “Impact of Person-Environment Fit on Innovative Work Behavior: Mediating Role of Work Engagement.” Problems and Perspectives in Management 21(1): 396–407. doi:10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.34.

Brunetto, Yvonne, Stephen T.T. Teo, Kate Shacklock, and Rod Farr-Wharton. 2012. “Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Well-Being and Engagement: Explaining Organisational Commitment and Turnover Intentions in Policing.” Human Resource Management Journal 22(4): 428–41. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2012.00198.x.

Chandrawaty, Chandrawaty, and Widodo Widodo. 2022. “How Does Emotional Intelligence Affects Teachers’ Contextual Performance? A Path Analysis.” Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif 12(2): 686–97. doi:10.23960/jpp.v12.i2.202222.

D’Souza, George Sunil, Francis Gnanasekar Irudayasamy, and Satyanarayana Parayitam. 2023. “Emotional Exhaustion, Emotional Intelligence and Task Performance of Employees in Educational Institutions during COVID 19 Global Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Model.” Personnel Review 52(3): 539–72. doi:10.1108/PR-03-2021-0215.

Gander, Fabian, Jennifer Hofmann, and Willibald Ruch. 2020. “Character Strengths: Person–Environment Fit and Relationships With Job and Life Satisfaction.” Frontiers in Psychology 11(July). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01582.

Ghozali, Imam. 2018. “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete SPSS 25.”

Goetz, Nicolas, and Andreas Wald. 2021. “Employee Performance in Temporary Organizations: The Effects of Person-Environment Fit and Temporariness on Task Performance and Innovative Performance.” European Management Review 18(2): 25–41. doi:10.1111/emre.12438.

Goleman, Daniel. 1995. Emotional Intelligence. New York, NY, England: Bantam Books, Inc.

Greenleaf, Robert K. 2002. Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, 25th Anniversary Ed. illustrate. ed. Larry C Spears. Mahwah, NJ, US: Paulist Press.

Haddock, Rachelle L., and Michael S. Quinn. 2015. “Recreational Access Management Planning: Understanding Perceptions Regarding Public Forest Lands in SW Alberta.” Open Journal of Forestry 05(04): 387–401. doi:10.4236/ojf.2015.54033.

Hoch, Julia E., William H. Bommer, James H. Dulebohn, and Dongyuan Wu. 2018. “Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Management 44(2): 501–29. doi:10.1177/0149206316665461.

Kristof-brown, Amy L, Ryan D Zimmerman, and Erin C Johnson. 2005. “Consequences of Individuals ’ Fit At Work : A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit.” Personnel Psychology 58: 281–342.

Kumari, Kalpina, Jawad Abbas, Jinsoo Hwang, and Lucian Ionel Cioca. 2022. “Does Servant Leadership Promote Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees? A Structural Analysis.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 14(9). doi:10.3390/su14095231.

Kundi, Yasir Mansoor, Kamal Badar, Muhammad Sarfraz, and Naeem Ashraf. 2023. “Interpersonal Conflict as a Barrier to Task Performance: The Mediating Role of Workplace Deviance and the Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence.” International Journal of Conflict Management 34(1): 104–24. doi:10.1108/IJCMA-05-2022-0093.

Lee, Chun Chang, Wen Chih Yeh, Zheng Yu, and Xiao Chi Lin. 2023. “The Relationships between Leader Emotional Intelligence, Transformational Leadership, and Transactional Leadership and Job Performance: A Mediator Model of Trust.” Heliyon 9(8). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18007.

Levitats, Zehavit, Zorana Ivcevic, and Marc Brackett. 2022. “A World of Opportunity: A Top-down Influence of Emotional Intelligence-Related Contextual Factors on Employee Engagement and Exhaustion.” Frontiers in Psychology 13(September): 1–19. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980339.

Mayer, John D, and Peter Salovey. 1997. What Is Emotional Intelligence? New York, NY, US: Basic Books.

Motowidlo, Stephan J., Walter C. Borman, and Mark J. Schmit. 1997. “A Theory of Individual Differences in Task and Contextual Performance.” Human Performance 10(2): 75–76. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1002_1.

Motowidlo, Stephan J., and James R. Van Scotter. 1994. “Evidence That Task Performance Should Be Distinguished From Contextual Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology 79(4): 475–80. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475.

Podsakoff, Philip M., Scott B. MacKenzie, Julie Beth Paine, and Daniel G. Bachrach. 2000. “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research.” Journal of Management 26(3): 513–63. doi:10.1177/014920630002600307.

Presiden Republik Indonesia. 2008. “Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 Tahun 2008 Tentang Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah.”

Qiu, Shaoping, Larry M. Dooley, and Lei Xie. 2020. “How Servant Leadership and Self-Efficacy Interact to Affect Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry: A Polynomial Regression with Response Surface Analysis.” Tourism Management 78(August 2019): 104051. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104051.

Rashid, Adnan Mahmod M., and Shiva Ilkhanizadeh. 2022. “The Effect of Servant Leadership on Job Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Trust in Coworkers.” Frontiers in Communication 7(July): 1–11. doi:10.3389/fcomm.2022.928066.

Shafique, Shoaib, and Iram Naz. 2023. “A Mediating and Moderating Analysis of the Relationship Between Team Emotional Intelligence and Team Performance.” SAGE Open 13(1): 1–16. doi:10.1177/21582440231155074.

Silaban, Bernard Edwin, and Novia Nastiti. 2021. “Pengaruh Servant Leadership, Motivasi Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja PNS Pada Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat.” ESENSI: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 24(3): 276–96. doi:10.55886/esensi.v24i3.411.

Sobhani, Farid Ahammad, Amlan Haque, and Shafiqur Rahman. 2021. “Socially Responsible Hrm, Employee Attitude, and Bank Reputation: The Rise of CSR in Bangladesh.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13(5): 1–17. doi:10.3390/su13052753.

Thibaut, John W., and Harold H. Kelley. 1960. 27 The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: The Johns Hopkins University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40969442.

Ullah, Safi, Safia Bano, and Mir Sadaat Baloch. 2023. “Exploring the Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Job Performance with Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence and Moderating Role of Grit and Compassion.” NUML International Journal of Business & Management 18(1): 1–29.

White, David R, and Joseph Schafer. 2023. “Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Workgroup Fit among Police Leaders.” Policing: An International Journal 46(5/6): 780–94. doi:10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2023-0065.

Wittmer, Jenell L S, Joseph T Cooper, and Courteney L Buchanan. 2023. “Coaching to Develop Emotional Intelligence and Decrease Work-Family Conflict: An Application of the Work-Home Resources Model.” Psychological Reports: 00332941231183619. doi:10.1177/00332941231183619.

Zada, Muhammad et al. 2022. “How Classy Servant Leader at Workplace? Linking Servant Leadership and Task Performance During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Moderation and Mediation Approach.” Frontiers in Psychology 13(March): 1–13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810227.

Downloads

Published

29-06-2024

How to Cite

Prastiwi, Amiartuti Kusmaningtyas, & I Dewa Ketut Raka Ardiana. (2024). Strategies for Improving Contextual Performance in Government Employees: Analyzing Effects of Servant Leadership, Person-Environment Fit, and Emotional Intelligence. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.24191//jibe.v9i1.903