Retraction Policy

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity. In cases where published articles are found to contain significant errors, ethical violations or misconduct, the journal may issue a retraction to maintain the credibility of the scholarly record.

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines: https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines

Grounds for Retraction

A retraction may be considered in the following circumstances:

• Plagiarism: Unauthorized use of another’s work without proper attribution.
• Data fabrication or falsification: Manipulation or fabrication of research data.
• Duplicate publication: Submission of the same work to multiple journals.
• Ethical violations: Failure to obtain necessary approvals such as IRB or consent.
• Major errors: Mistakes that significantly affect the findings or conclusions.
• Authorship disputes: Unresolved conflicts over contributions.

Retraction Process

• Identification of issue: Concerns may be raised by readers, reviewers or editors.
• Investigation: The editorial board will review the case and consult with the authors.
• Decision: If a retraction is warranted, the authors will be notified.
• Publication of retraction notice: A formal notice will be published, linked to the original article, and clearly marked as Retracted.

Retraction Notice Example

A retraction notice will include:

• The title and authors of the retracted article.
• The reason for retraction.
• The date of retraction.
• A link to the original article, clearly labeled as retracted.